Electronics Guides & Insights
Deep-dive articles, fact sheets, and tutorials to sharpen your skills.
1-Wire Protocol Explained: A Guide to Timing and Waveforms
A comprehensive guide to the 1-Wire (Dallas/Maxim) bus protocol. Understand the critical timing for the master reset, slave presence-pulse, and the different bit slots for writing and reading data.
SD Card SPI Mode Initialization: A Detailed Guide
A comprehensive guide to the SD card power-up and initialization sequence in SPI mode. Covers the 80-clock cycle startup, CMD0, CMD8, and the critical CMD55/ACMD41 handshake for all card types (SDv1, SDv2, SDHC/SDXC).
JTAG TAP Controller Explained: Timing, State Machine & Practical Waveforms
A practical guide to the IEEE‑1149.1 JTAG Test‑Access‑Port (TAP) controller. Learn how TCK, TMS, TDI and TDO interact, how to step through Shift‑DR / Shift‑IR, update registers, and avoid common pitfalls when building low‑level boundary‑scan tools.
I2C Communication Protocol Explained: Addressing, Timing, and Design
A comprehensive guide to the I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) bus. Covers core signals (SCL, SDA), addressing, R/W bit, ACK/NACK, START/STOP conditions, timing diagrams, pull-up resistors, and PCB layout best practices.
Your Ultimate Guide to Electronics Learning Resources
Discover the best books, YouTube channels, courses, and websites to learn electronics, from beginner to advanced levels. Curated and categorized for your learning journey.
SPI Communication Protocol Explained: Modes, Timing, and Design
A comprehensive guide to the SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) bus. Covers core signals (SCLK, MOSI, MISO, CS), the 4 SPI modes (CPOL/CPHA) with timing diagrams, multi-slave setups, QSPI, and PCB layout best practices.
I2S Audio Interface Explained: Clocks, Data Formats, and PCB Design
A comprehensive guide to the I2S (Inter-IC Sound) audio interface. Covers core signals (BCLK, LRCK, SDATA, MCLK), clocking modes, data formats (Standard, Left/Right Justified, TDM), and essential PCB layout best practices for optimal audio performance.
M.2 (NGFF) Connector Pinout and Keying Explained
Comprehensive guide to the M.2 (NGFF) connector pinout, including different module keys (B, M, A, E), supported interfaces (PCIe, SATA, USB), and common applications like SSDs, Wi-Fi, and WWAN cards.